While power electronics is continuously superseding the traditional “hardware” solutions in electrical engineering, common mechanical contacts still remain important constituents of any electrical power distribution system. A survey of the types of switches, relays and contactors, their properties and areas of application will be given.
This Application Note discusses practical design of earthing electrodes, including the calculation of the earthing resistance for various electrode configurations, the materials used for electrodes and their corrosion performance. Equations are given for many common electrode geometries, including horizontal strips, rods, meshes, cable screens, and foundations.
This Application Note discusses the principles of earthing electrode design with particular emphasis on earth potential distribution of various electrode geometries. The electrical properties of the ground and variations according to type and moisture content are discussed.
Today, nearly every piece of electrical equipment generates harmonic currents and voltages. This Application Note gives a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the subject. It explains why harmonic problems have been increasing over recent years, how they are generated, and by which type of equipment.
Unleashing the limitless possibilities of electricity in technological applications requires proper caution and care. Handling vast amounts of energy—in any form—comes with significant hazards. When energy is released in an undesired way, the results can be devastating.
This application note is intended to be a source of guidance and to help reduce confusion pertaining to the design, configuration, selection, sizing, and installation of Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems. This document is a useful information source for electrical consultants, electrical engineers, facility managers, and design and build contractors.
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